Wednesday, July 31, 2019

Compare the descriptions of the four ghosts Essay

Dickens’ little Christmas book, ‘A Christmas Carol’, was one of many of Christmas novels, however the book, as well as selling six thousand copies in one week, has become Dickens most famous novel. Although the Victorians opinions of ghosts were conformist and modern day reader’s opinions are more lax; the variety of spectres ensured it appealed to both ages and revived the charitable meaning of Christmas for the Victorians. The first ghost Dickens introduces to the reader is Marley and he uses vivid adjectives to illustrate the typical conventions of a ghost. Some of these conventions are shown when Dickens writes, ‘The same face: the very same’, and describes his clothes as, ‘usual waistcoat, tights, and boots’. In saying that the ghost has, ‘the same’, face and clothes as the person it originated from, it conforms to the stereotypical image of a ghost. This makes the reader feel more comfortable with the opening of the novel; allowing the reader to make the prediction that the other ghosts would be similar. This successfully results in the reader being shocked later on in the book. Furthermore, Dickens uses personification to create the suspense and fearfulness that the reader would expect a ghost to do. This is evident with the quote, ‘ flame leaped up’, and, ‘it cried, â€Å"I know him! Marley’s ghost†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ. When the flame, ‘leaped up’, it gives the effect that it has identified something so fearful that it has gave life to in-animate objects. This makes the reader desperate to find out why this ghost is so frightening. The flame also seems to detect that the ghost is Jacob Marley, which suits the idea that a ghost haunts someone that did wrong to them in their previous life. Adding to the terrifying image of the spectre, Dickens highlights the fear with the phrase, ‘disturbs the very marrow in his bones’. The phrase strengthens the idea that Marley is a typical spectre as a Victorian reader would expect Scrooge to be immensely scared of the ghost, this is because the conformist opinion was that ghosts we’re to be frightened of. Although Marley is overall a conventional ghost, Dickens does use a combination of metaphors and similes to add interesting original touches. These are found when the book says, ‘being provided with an infernal atmosphere of it’s own’, and, ‘as by the hot vapour from an oven’. The simile highlights the alteration between Scrooge and the ghost. One interpretation of this is that the simile is a representation of how a ghost sees the world from a different perspective then a human. The simile emphasises this interpretation and suggests that the difference between the perspectives of the two characters is that the ghost looks on the earth with envy as his own world as Marley’s own world agitates like, ‘hot vapour’. This is one of the first signs that the book will push the conformist boundaries of the after life; alerting the reader to the thought that this ghost has feelings, which is not expected from a Victorian audience. In contrast to the ghost of Jacob Marley, the ghost of Christmas past is strange and unconventional. Just as in the description of Marley, Dickens uses sound to build up suspense. For example, he describes the hour bell as, ‘hollow’. The use of this word may mean that the ghost is evil, however on the other hand it may suggest that it won’t use discretion as it is hollow and doesn’t have a heart; this is significant as it was believed that feelings came from the heart in the Victorian period. The word is successful as it makes the reader make predictions about the ghost before it arrives. This is playing with the reader and will create anxiety, as the reader will want to discover whether the prediction was right or not. In addition, Dickens confirms the idea of a ghost further. This occurs when he writes, ‘unearthly visitor’. One interpretation of this is that the word, ‘unearthly’, gives the impression that it doesn’t belong on earth and is not a typical creature. This adds to the idea of a typical ghost however, a subtle implication strays from the stereotype. The word, ‘visitor’ may imply that the ghost will not stay long which may seem insignificant to a modern reader but the Victorians feared that ghosts would haunt a specific person making their lives a misery. I think that this effectively created an unusual sense around the ghost that pre-emptively warns the reader that it isn’t a normal ghost. Moreover, Dickens uses juxtaposition to make the reader acknowledge that the ghost represents something. The contrast is shown with phrases such as, ‘like a child’, and, ‘like an old man’. The contrast implies that what someone does in the past can alter their future so you should always do the right thing. This representation is further emphasised with the imagery, ‘now with one leg’, and, ‘now with twenty legs’ as it gives an interesting, visibly imaginable example of the change. These quotes are successful as the reader can see that the ghost represents the fact that every action has a consequence.   

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

How French Has Influenced Old English

How French Has Influenced  English William the Conqueror won the Battle of Hastings in 1066 and for the next three centuries, all the kings of England spoke French. During the Norman occupation, about 10,000 French words were adopted into English, some three-fourths of which are still in use today. This French vocabulary is found in every domain, from government and law to art and literature.Robert of Gloucester (Robert Fitzroy, 1st Earl of Gloucester (before 1100 – 31 October 1147) was an illegitimate son of King Henry I of England) wrote in his chronicle: â€Å"Vor bote a man conne frenss me hel? of him lute†, meaning â€Å"Unless a man know French, one counts of him little†, hence French became the language of a superior social class. French dialects influenced English also. Today we have chase, guardian, guarantee and regard from Central French (or Francien), side by side with catch, warden, warrant and reward from Norman French.The present-day vocabulary o f English is approximately half Germanic (English and Scandinavian) and half Romance (French and Latin). The two types are strangely blended. Whereas some titles of nobility prince, peer, duke, duchess, marquis, marchioness, viscount, viscountess and baron are French, the names of the highest rulers, King and Queen, are English. There is still used R. S. V. P. (Repondez s`il vous plait) printed on invitation cards or Messrs (for Messieurs) in everyday correspondence.Parliament, meaning `speaking, conference`, is French, but Speaker, the title of the First Commoner, is English. Town, hall, house and home are English, but city, village, palace, mansion, residence and domicile are French. French, too, are chamber and apartment, whereas room and bower are English; justice, just, judge, jury and juridical are all French, as well as court, assize, prison, bill, act, council, tax, custom, mayor, chattel, money and rent, which all came into the language before the close of the thirteenth ce ntury.The names of the live animals: ox, swine and calf are English, whereas those of the cooked meats beef, pork and veal are French. The superiority of French cooking is demonstrated by culinary terms as: boil, broil, fry, grill, roast, souse and toast. Breakfast is English, but dinner and supper are French. Hunt is English, but chase, quarry, scent and track are French. Names of the older crafts are English: baker, fisherman, miller, saddler, builder, shepherd, shoemaker, wainwright, weaver and webber.Those of more elegant occupations are French: carpenter, draper, joiner, mason and tailor. The names of the commoner parts of the human body are English, but face and voice are French. Generally the English words are stronger, more physical and more human. We feel more at ease after getting a hearty welcome than after being granted a cordial reception. We can compare as well freedom with liberty, friendship with amity, kingship with royalty, holiness with sanctity, happiness with fe licity, depth with profundity, and love with charity.

Assessing a Company’s Financial Future Essay

It is detrimental for higher-level management in a company to assess the long-term financial health of the institution. Throughout history there have been depictions of several corporations taking on lucrative and highly ambitious initiatives to increase the wealth of the company. These companies come to find out their programs could not be funded as anticipated. This paper will show how proper strategy and a step –by-step process will successfully be able to assess a company’s financial future. In this case we will be looking at performance measures based upon the income statements and balance sheets of SciTronics (A medical device company). It is imperative that the measures are grouped into three types: (1) profitability measures (sales), (2) activity (asset management) measures, and (3) leverage and liquidity measures. (Piper, 1-6) Page 6: 1-3 1. By assessing the performance of SciTronics during the 2005-2008 periods we see that it’s profitability ratio increased. The company is heading in the right direction. In terms of sales we can see in the below table that the company has increased it’s net income. 2. SciTronics financial strength and its access to external sources have improved. This is evident from the financial ratios of profitability and leverage. 3. a. What will management do to maintain current liabilities that had been increased during the 05-08 period? b. As seen in Table 1 the salary and employee expenses are very high in the company. We can see by looking at Sell, General and Admin that it has decreased which is good. The company doesn’t want to pay out to employees too much. This interpretation varies with different companies. Most companies want their employees income to be anywhere from 12% to 22% of their total sales. By looking at the market average we can see that with pharmaceutical companies it is a little different. It is apparent that selling, general and administrative includes the sum of all indirect and direct selling expenses but a valid question to ask management would be: Why is this number so high in comparison to the market average, and what can we do to lower this number? c. Will SciTronics continue to expand their fixed assets such as property and equipment? This is imperative to know because it will increase the value of the company in turn making it more financially stable. If need be, it could then use these assets as collateral towards loans. If SciTronics came to my bank and asked for a $126,000,000 loan to support their growth in business I would approve the loan because of careful examination of their financial statements including analyzing the profitability, leverage, activity, and liquidity ratios. (1) Profitability Measures Sales growth provides the company with a measure to determine how well their product is doing in the market. * During the four-year period ended December 31, 2008, SciTronics’ sales grew at a 20.69% compound rate. There were no acquisitions or divestitures. * SciTronics’ profit as a percentage of sales in 2008 was 5.74% * This 5.74% represented an increase from 3.40% in 2005. * SciTronics had a total of $159,000,000 of capital at year-end 2008 and earned, before interest but after taxes (EBIAT), $16,00,000. Its return on capital was 10% earned in 2008, which represented an increase from the 4% earned in 2005. * Scitronics has $75,000,000 of owner’s equity and earned $14,000,000 after taxes in 2008. Its ROE was 18.67%, which represented an improvement from the 8.20% earned in 2005. Figure A below: * This figure shows an initial decrease in the profit as a percentage of sales however are followed by a steep increase in 2008. Profitability is quite obviously very important to a company. It allows the company to have access to debt, have a proper valuation of the company’s common stock, the ability to finance its own programs, and the pervasiveness of management to issue stock. This is depicted in Figure A as an indefinite increase from 05-08. Figure A Figure B * Return on equity indicates how profitable SciTronics is utilizing shareholders’ funds. (Piper, 7) To shareholders of a company, this is equally as important as EBIAT. (2) Asset Management Measures A company must use Activity ratios to determine how well it is using its assets. If improper use of assets occurs there is a need for financing for the company. This is turn leads to more interest costs and also brings about lower return on capital. * Total asset turnover for SciTronics in  2008 can be calculated by dividing $244,000(net sales) into $159,000. The turnover deteriorated from 1.58 times in 2005 to 1.53 times in 2008 * SciTronics has $66,000 invested in accounts receivables at year-end 2008. Its average sales per day were $668.49 during 2008 and its average collection period was 98.73 days. This represented an improvement from the average collection period of 104.29 days in 2005. * SciTronics apparently needed $29,000 of inventory at year-end to support its operations during 2008. Its activity during 2008 measured by the COGS was $74,000. It therefore had an inventory turnover of 2.55 times. This represents an improvement from 2.05 times in 2005. * SciTronics had net fixed assets of $18,000 and sales of $244,000 in 2008. Its fixed asset turnover ratio in 2008 was 13.56 times, and deterioration from 16.33 times in 2005. Figure C * As seen in Figure C, there is an improvement in inventory turnover from 2.05 in 2005 to 2.55 in 2008. This is very important because this indicates to the company its effectiveness with which the company uses its inventory. (Piper, 8) (3) Leverage and Liquidity Measures The different types of leverage ratios measure the relationship of funds supplies by creditors to the funds supplies by the owners of the company. Return of equity will improve when the use of borrowed funds from creditors or owners is appropriated correctly. * SciTronic’s ratio of total assets divided by OE increased from 1.52 at year-end to 2.12 at year-end 2008. * At year-end 2008, SciTronic’s total liabilities were 34.41% of its total assets, which compares with 32.41% in 2005. * The market value of SciTronic’s equity was $175,000,000 at Dec 31, 2008. The total debt ratio at market was 32.43%. * SciTronic’s earning before interest and taxes (Operating income) were $26,000,000 in 2008 and its interest charges were $2,000,000. It’s times interest earned been 13 times. This represented an improvement from the 2005 level of 10 times. * SciTronics owed its suppliers $6,000,000 at year-end 2008. This represented 8.11% of COGS and was a decrease from the ratio of 11.63%  year-end 2005. * The financial riskiness of SciTronics decreased between 2005 and 2008. Liquidity ratios measure a company’s ability to meet financial obligations as they become current. (Piper, 10) * SciTronics held $133,000,000 of current assets at year-end 2008 and owed $48,000,000 to creditors, due to be paid within one year. SciTronics’ current ratio was 2.77, a decrease from the ratio of 3.90 at year-end 2005. * The quick ratio for SciTronics at Year-end 2008 was 2.17, a decrease from the ratio of 2.90 at year-end 2005. Figure D * This figure depicts an increasing level of financial leverage. In this figure total assets divide total liabilities. We can see that financial leverage increased throughout the years until 2008. Figure D Work Cited Piper, Thomas. Assessing a Company’s Future Financial Health. 911th ed. Vol. 9. Boston, MA.: Harvard Business Review, 2012. Print. Ser. 412.

Monday, July 29, 2019

Product Development Process Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Product Development Process - Assignment Example The new vision of product development is that of an extremely disaggregated process with people and organisations spread throughout the world (Holmes 1999). At the same time, products are becoming increasingly intricate and multifaceted with typical electro-mechanical products requiring close to a million engineering decisions to bring them to market (Eppinger 1998). Even software products like Microsoft Word or Netscape require disaggregated, but coordinated processes involving hundreds of developers (Cusumano and Yoffie 1998). Competitive pressures mean that time to market has been projected as essential to new product success as has marketing's direction towards customer needs and customer satisfaction (Smith and Reinertsen 1998). Because products are marketed throughout the world, firms face the tradeoff between standardisation for cost reduction and variety for satisfying an extensive set of customers. This has stretched the need for marketing to look beyond the single product t o focus on the product platform (Moore, Louviere and Verma 1999). The Product Products are often referred to as anything -- object or service -- that can be offered to a market in order to satisfy a customer's want or need (Kotler et al. 1996; ENDREA 2001) and product development is made up of a wide-ranging and distinctive continuum of activities, which need to be cohesive and interrelated so as to achieve an adequate and an acceptable process. Ulrich & Eppinger (2003) stated it as the set of activities beginning with the perception of a market opportunity and ending in the production, sale, and delivery of a product. Aside from the activities, there are several components, such as design engineers or other practitioners, management and goal system, working means, tools and equipment, information system and environment, identified by Hubka & Eder (1992), which influence the product development process. However, product development work is even more complex, since there also are external aspects, facets that are not intrinsic in the organisation, to consider, like the market), legislation and society that affect the product development process (Blessing 2002). To support coordination and planning of all these activities and components, guarantee quality, identify possible problem areas or improvements, a suitable, well-defined product development process is needed (Ulrich & Eppinger 2003). Andreasen & Hein (1986) have inferred an ideal model for product development activities (Illustration 1). The Integrated Product Development model is based on the three elements -- market, design and production, and the results of their activities need to be unified. The market should be investigated and defined, and a product, which is intended to satisfy the market, should be designed and eventually manufactured by the second and third elements. Illustration 1 -- Model of Integrated Product Development (Andreasen & Hein, 1987) Ulrich & Eppinger (2003) likewise offered a model of integrated product development - a generic development process, which depicted the progression of activities or steps that marketing, design and

Sunday, July 28, 2019

Impact of Nationalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Impact of Nationalism - Essay Example The most important feature of nationalism is the nationalistic behavior. It defines the ability and willingness of a nation to make sacrifices to construct national instruments such military, diplomacy, intelligence, economic etc that are necessary for the survival and integrity of any nation to keep them safe from external threats. This ability to make sacrifices for the country is the most important aspect of any countries foreign policy. The same is true for all aspects of national life. This willingness of the people to make sacrifices and nationalism makes any country more powerful. An empirical study of different cases of the world reveals that this nationalism can be mobilized to identify opportunities and achieving national goals and it can also be channelized to deal with threats to the nation as is the case of USA. Emergence of Nationalism was also observed in Russia and China after the cold war. However in the case of Russia with the disintegration of Soviet Union, the pow er, prestige, authority and economic independence was lost but Russians gain their identity and could express their love and affection for their nation. This nationalism helped them come out as triumphant from the economic and political turmoil caused by disintegration. The impact of nationalism is so strong that just ten years after the disintegration of Soviet Union, all the countries that emerged from it are very different from each other.

Saturday, July 27, 2019

Personality Assessment Instrument or Inventory Critique Essay

Personality Assessment Instrument or Inventory Critique - Essay Example are definitely designed towards the important need of allowing people the chances of development that they deserve for future personal progressions which in turn could help them reach their peak potentials as workers, as members of the society and as satisfied individuals. 2 Myers Briggs Type Indicator is among the most popular personality assessment instrument there is. Basically developed to be used by administrators of several institutions, this particular personality indicator is perceived to have one of the most effective approaches in assessing human personalities and bringing in conclusions that are worthwhile enough to be applied for evaluating and improving the personalities of people to allow them to realize their full potential as individuals that are aiming towards developmental progression in their own fields of expertise. 3 In the paragraphs that follow, an understanding on the major issues and efficiency factors of the said personality evaluation tool so as to identify the capabilities of the entire medium in implicating change and realization upon the persons taking the chance to becoming better individuals in their own fields of concentration. The essential values that are present in the process of evaluating the individual capabilities of the examiners are rather considered as the necessary factors that make this particular individual assessment tool a source of knowledgeable understanding on the part of the efficiency of the assessment instrument mentioned herein.4 Discussing this particular matter shall be better clarified within the paragraphs that follow. The concept of human action is generally concluded by the aspect of the scientific facts to be significantly caused by the works of the mind of every individual. This idea is generally expressed in the saying â€Å"what the mind can perceive, the body can conceive.† Thus, to empirically understand and explain the actions and personality of each individual in the society, their mind and

Friday, July 26, 2019

Law essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Law - Essay Example istinguish the state from other legal and non-legal entities; it shall explore the differences between recognizing a state and recognizing the government of a state; it shall also discuss the practical effects of the fact that only some states recognize Kosovo’s statehood; it shall explore the two theoretical underpinnings of the statehood theory-the declaratory and constitutive theories; and discuss the alternatives to a state-based model in public international law and how these manifest in practice. There are various reasons why the United Kingdom recognizes Kosovo as a state, but does not recognize Kurdistan, the Palestinian Authority Area, or the Antarctica as states. These reasons are very much founded on the basic tenets of public international law and on how the latter defines a ‘state’. State is defined as â€Å"an isolated, static phenomenon on the basis of its constituent elements† 1. The elements of a state are set under different conventions and treaties that now comprise the bulk of our international laws. The main and primary convention in defining the elements of a state is the Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States which entered into force on December 1934. This convention laid down the elements of a state, which are: â€Å"(a) a permanent population; (b) a defined territory; (c) government; and (d) capacity to enter into relations with the other states† 2. Two of the elements (territory and population) of a state comprise its physical characteristics. In order for an entity to be considered a state, it should have control over the territory it claims as its own. A defined territory implies boundaries which are laid in accordance with international laws. â€Å"It includes the air space above the land†¦and the earth beneath it, in theory, reaching to the globe†3. This defined territory also includes up to twelve miles of territorial sea which is adjacent to the coast. Maritime jurisdiction, which is part of

Thursday, July 25, 2019

Discuss the problems faced by not for profit organisations Essay

Discuss the problems faced by not for profit organisations establishing meaningful performance measures for control purposes - Essay Example Such goals require they follow a particular legal scrutiny within their organizational structure and strong leadership that utilizes its resources to achieve that goal. A not for profit organization begins its role generally for an altruistic purpose, and is centered on the motivations of their entrepreneurs1. Hence it can be deduced that most of the effort towards the organization’s goal is led by leadership of the entrepreneur. Not-for-profit organizations may be registered are corporations but they do not issue shares, so they are either headed by an entrepreneur, a board of governors, board of trustees or board of directors. Not for profit organizations also enjoy the benefit of tax exemption, a common liberty from most governments to encourage such organizations. Nevertheless these organization are also closely checked by the government through three modes of governance2: The media in the general course of business does the effective work of a watchdog in terms of looking out for fraudulent activity in any sector. Their responsibility to bring publicity makes NFP a part of their agenda well. NFPs have a Board of Directors or Donors who are part and parcel of the company serving as owners. As they all commit to a common interest, the Board also ensures they are meeting their target mission effectively and their money is being properly spent. Besides these external forces of performance measures, there is are ways to measure performance internally like other organizations. For not for profit organizations they face much more difficulty while measuring their performance because their bottom-line is no longer in terms of money. Since their objective is generally to meet some socially desirable need of a community or its members, none of them can be quantified perfectly3. As important as performance measure is for the prosperity of any organization, each NFP organization develops its own criteria for developing performance. When a need

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

The Benetfits of Outsourcing Your Call Center to India Research Paper

The Benetfits of Outsourcing Your Call Center to India - Research Paper Example This has been the principle reason behind the rapidly expanding offshore outsourcing of international trade in a number of service activities which had been considered non tradable even few years back. The popular idea which has emerged in this context is that â€Å"anything that one can send over the wire is up for grabs!† (Rajan & Srivastava, 2007, p.39). The project seeks to identify the typical reasons for outsourcing by organizations. The major emphasis would be on India which has proved to be one of the most popular destinations for outsourcing by US firms. The relative advantages of outsourcing in India, as against nations like China, Europe and Philippines would be explored in the project. Advantages of Outsourcing From the point of view of an economy, global outsourcing from the developed to the develop nations would be inevitable for creating a large number of while collar jobs in the latter. This would be the inescapable outcome of allocation of resources to their m ore productive uses following international trade. This has been the principle motivating reason for outsourcing. ... Thus outsourcing would necessarily mean to bring about benefits to the society even though certain transitional costs would be associated with it (Rajan & Srivastava, 2007, p.40). There has been extensive research works that have indicated that both the developing and the industrialized nations would reap significant gains from the outsourcing of services. This would necessarily lead to efficiency gains for the industrial nations through the opportunity of developing their expertise in areas of their competencies. A per the McKinsey Global Institute (2003), for each US $1 worth of outsourcing, the nation gains $1.12 while the outsourced nation gains approximately $0.33. The above fact reveals the extent of static gains that companies can reap through outsourcing. Most of the multinational organizations have begun to outsource their service activities on a routine basis. This is because it is felt that if they don’t outsource while their competitors continue to do so aggressive ly, they would be losing on the local and global market to the foreign rivals. This would result in stagnating profits which would reduce the rate of creation of capital and investments in domestic technologies. The cost saving advantage from outsourcing has evolved as the most popular source of value to the US organizations in particular (Rajan & Srivastava, 2007, p.40). Global outsourcing has been significantly effective in reaping benefits for the developing nations in the world. This has been possible through the opening up of new exports, employment opportunities, growth in the numerous tradable service activities. While considering a more dynamic picture, the increase in income levels brought about by trade would also lead to the creation of favorable feedback effects for many of the other

Sustainable Housing - The Greenest Building is the One Already Built Dissertation

Sustainable Housing - The Greenest Building is the One Already Built - Dissertation Example His constant help and support acted as a source of motivation along with adding value to the research process. The researcher would also like to thank her professors for helping and supporting through their knowledge and guidance that reflected in underpinning the research topic in a succinct manner. The support and cooperation of the University administrators cannot be ignored in terms of allowing access to the library and other electronic sources that further helped in adding great value to the research. The researcher was lucky enough to be supported by his friends in terms of brainstorming on the research topic resulting in multiple ideas and thoughts that further helped in adding depth to the research topic. Moreover, the support of family further added enthusiasm and confidence that resulted in motivation to achieve the desired feat in a systematic manner. Overall, it can be said that with the support and cooperation of many people, the researcher was successful in conducting t he research that helped in achieving the purposed aim and objectives. The research that once started with an idea was fully supported above mentioned people and the researcher feel great in acknowledging their support and cooperation level. ... The literature review underpinned various issues like sustainability housing, the current unsustainability, re-use of existing buildings, measures being taken for sustainable housing and useful and logical use of existing buildings. In order to further underpin the literature findings; research methodology was used based on identifying and cross checking the concept of sustainable housing. For this purpose, anti-positivism research philosophy and inductive research approach was used followed by conducting in-depth interviews on local authorities for historic information on sustainable housing and effects on the environment. The findings revealed that the concept of sustainable housing is quite contradictory as buildings can be environment friendly but no building can be fully environmental friendly. Moreover, with the construction of new buildings and use of new technologies and gadgets, there is further release of chemicals and energy that is harmful to the environment. Based on the above findings, it was concluded that sustainable housing can only exist when people and local authorities are environment friendly. TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1.Introduction 5 1.1 Introduction 5 1.2 Research Aim 6 1.3 Research Objectives 6 1.4 Research Questions 6 1.5 Rationale for the Research Topic 7 1.6 Scope of the Research 7 1.7: Purposed Methodology 8 1.8: Limitations 8 1.9: Structure of the Dissertation 9 1.10: Summary 10 Chapter 2.0 Literature Review 11 2.1 Introduction 11 2.2 Sustainable Housing 11 2.3 The Current Unsustainability 12 2.4 Re-using Existing Resources 13 2.5 Recent Changes in Sustainable Housing 14 2.6 Operations and Maintaiennce Optimisation 15 2.7 Summary 16 Chapter 3.0

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

Termination Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Termination Report - Essay Example Since this was a termination session, the most important part of informed consent was asking them if they agree and are comfortable with the termination. They stated that they felt much better and have noted great improvement in their relationship, thus, had no objection to the termination. I initiated the termination process having noted that the couple had made a lot of progress in their therapy. It was clear that both parties had gained enough insight to deal with conflicts and any future issues that may occur in their relationship. The termination session was smooth having discussed it with them earlier in the counseling process. The couple did not resist the session, and this means that they were also satisfied with the progress. However, I noticed some negative facial and body expressions, which could have come from the thought of ending a close relationship that we had built. I felt the same way too because I had bonded well with the couple, and because of their enthusiasm to share, I found it easy to talk and relate with them. Nevertheless, I felt happy because, at this point, the goals of the therapy had been achieved. At the beginning of the termination process, I handed the couple pieces of paper each and asked them to write down any concerns of anger and anxiety regarding the end of the counseling process. They noted that they noted they were satisfied, but were a bit anxious on how they were going to maintain the progress that they have achieved in their relationship since the start of counseling. This kind of reaction is normal in most counseling exercises, and it does not raise any alarm so long as the clients are not angry at the counselor for terminating the process. Hence, it was a mature decision to terminate the process since I did not witness any negative reactions against the decision. In addition, I also asked each of them to narrate what has been most beneficial to them that they will take a way from the process. Though they both gave a

Monday, July 22, 2019

Rhetoric and Reality Essay Example for Free

Rhetoric and Reality Essay In chapter four â€Å"Black Radicals: Rhetoric and Reality†, writer tried to locate whether black powers i. e. militants and radicals had any viable program to organize black people or their ideas and action were disarray with no clear agenda. For this purpose, he provides an insight into the ideas and efforts of pioneer of black movement. He starts with the ideas of Malcolm X and analyzed his â€Å"intellectual framework for revolutionary Black Nationalism† (p. 246) Malcolm X asserted that psychological liberation and black pride are essential elements to shape black American into an organized whole. But writer is of the view that mostly. His (Malcolm’s) ideas were misunderstood or misinterpreted and hence they were unable to influence the black movement. He further analyzed the idea of another pioneer of black movement, Stokely Carmichael who stressed on the importance of reformation in black ideology and advocated â€Å"independent politics†. His considered the capitalist structure as the primary cause if all injustice and racial discrimination prevalent in the American. He developed a two-pronged strategy to counter racism and capitalistic exploitation. There is marked shift in his ideology after visits to several south American countries and he considered guerrilla warfare an important tool to establish their right on the land, houses and stores†. Rap Brown, another chairman of the SNCC advocated military and armed struggle in a more unequivocal way. Carmichael developed a new approach after his visits to Latin world and â€Å"in February 1968, the enemy of the blacks was no longer the capitalist system. The prime enemy was the white man, the honky. † (p. 250) So Carmichael added racism to capitalism as the new enemy but his reformatory efforts for restructuring the black community and to counter these two evil systems were ambiguous as he mostly advocated in favor of socialism as the remedy of these evil system. His ideas are mostly paradoxical and writer is of the view that his middle class background torn him â€Å"between militant nationalism and accomodationist integrationism† (p. 252). Writer further delves deep into the different strategies and programs of SNCC to charge the batteries of black movement but he asserts that mere speeches and statement does not yield into viable activities. Writer further explores the black student movements and says that typically black students adopt a bourgeois outlook after their graduation and try to assimilate and identify themselves with white community. This attitude of black students made them distrustful in the eyes of less-privileged classes of black community. As black student were not part of White community so they were entangled into a dilemma and this identity crisis was more heightened in Ivy League Schools where they were labeled as â€Å"white Negroes† by their own community. However there was a growing resentment in black students against the racial policies and they took several armed revolts against the college and government authorities. Writer provides comprehensive details of black students’ struggle in various college campuses across America during 1968. SNCC and other black activists were in favor a political party that would the sole representative of African American. The SNCC experience had taught it that both Democrats and Republican parties are not a cure to their afflictions so they worked to establish a black political party at the national level. In this attempt, SNCC and â€Å"black panthers† created an alliance and advocated a struggle for self-determination. Due to several inherent and structural differences these organization failed to merge and turned into a political party. Writer sums up the chapter by illustrating that although SNCC and black panther were not representative of the all black radicals but their ideas manifested the ideas and activities pf radicals elements during the black movement.

Sunday, July 21, 2019

Risk factors in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft

Risk factors in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Association of selected risk factors and the number of grafts at Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) surgery: A preliminary study E M S Bandara1, S Ekanayake1*, A D Kapuruge2 and C A Wanigatunge3 Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is associated with multi-factorial risk factors; i.e. family history, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, environmental and life style variables. The study attempted to find the association of some selected risk factors (family history, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and diabetic) and the number of grafts (> 3 or à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ £ 3 by considering the middle point as the maximum number of grafts bypassed at surgery is five) of the patients (n=73) who underwent CABG at Cardiothoracic unit of Sri Jayewardenepura General Hospital (Ethical Approval No.635/12). Data on family history, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and diabetes were gathered by using an interviewer administrated questionnaire. The patients were categorized into two groups depending on the number of coronary artery bypass grafts as those who have hadà ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ £ 3 grafts (n=38) and > 3 grafts (n=35) irrespective of the gender. The prevalence of family history, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and diabetesof patients with à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ £ 3 grafts were 63%, 71%, 79% and 50% respectively. The prevalence of above risk factors in patients who had > 3 grafts was40%, 51%, 62%, and 54%respectively. From the total group 4% of patients did not have any of the above risk factors.The results indicate that hypertension was the most prevailing risk factor in both the groups. However, a significant difference was seen only between family history and number of grafts (p 2 = 3.9).The odds ratio of >3 grafts being bypassed at surgery for patients with any of the four risk factors were 2.6 (95% C I: 0.96-6.88), 0.4 (95% CI: 0.16-1.23), 2.0 (95% CI: 0.67-6.0), 1.2 (95% CI: 0.67-6.05) respectively compared to those without above risk factors. Even though not significant, those who have a family history of CAD and hypertension as risk factors are more likely to (2.6 times and twice respectively) have > 3 grafts bypassed at CABG irrespective of the gender or age. According to the above results contribution of hyperlipidemia to augment the number of grafts is less. Early detection and treatment for hypertension thus may contribute to reduce the number of grafts being performed at CABG. Therefore, CAD patients should be made aware of the contribution of above risk factors to contribute to increase the number of grafts at surgery. Keywords: Coronary Artery Diseases, Risk factors, Grafts Association of selected risk factors and the number of grafts at Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) surgery: A preliminary study Introduction A high incidence of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) has been observed in South Asian countries including Sri Lanka. According to a recent estimation 524 deaths from 100 000 in Sri Lanka were from cardio- and cerebro-vascular diseases. Hospitalization due to non communicable diseases and ischemic heart disease has increased significantly over the past 10 years. Hypertension, smoking, diabetes, obesity and hyperlipidemia, age and family history are established risk factors for cardiovascular disease. According to previous studies prevalence of hypertension was 63.7% in, over 70 years and it was 28.4% in over 20 yrs [1]. High prevalence of dyslipidemia is also reported in a study of Sri Lankan individuals > 18 years [2]. No data were found on the prevalence of above risk factors in patients with confirmed CAD or number of grafts performed and their association to the CAD risk factors. The study attempted to find the association of some selected risk factors (family history, hyperlipidemia , hypertension and diabetic) and the number of grafts (> 3 or à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ £ 3 by considering the middle point as the maximum number of grafts bypassed at surgery is five) of the patients who underwent CABG at Cardio-Thoracic unit of Sri Jayewardenepura General Hospital. Methodology This descriptive study was carried out with patients (n=73, male- 48, female 25) who underwent CABG at Cardio-Thoracic unit of Sri Jayewardenepura General Hospital (Ethical Approval No.635/12). An interviewer administrated questionnaire was used for gathering data on family history, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and diabetes. Patients were categorized in to two groups, considering the middle point (03 grafts as the maximum number of grafts bypassed at surgery is five) and those who have had à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ £ 3 grafts (n=38) and > 3 grafts (n=35) irrespective of the gender and age. Data were analysed using SPSS version 16 statistical package. Result and Discussion The prevalence of family history, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and diabetes of the study population is summarized in table 01. Table 1. Prevalence of risk factors Hypertension was the most common risk factor among both groups. Hyperlipidemia and diabetes were second common risk factors among groups of à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ £ 3 and > 3 grafts respectively. Prevalence of diabetes is comparatively low in the patients that have had à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ £ 3 grafts. According to Wijewardene et al (2005) the total prevalence of hypertension in Western, North central, Uva and Southern provinces of Sri Lanka was 18.8% for males and 19.3 % for females among age group of 30 – 65 yrs [3]. Katulanda et al (2010) reported the prevalence of hypertension as 28.4 % for males and 27.7 % for females of > 20 yrs among adults from seven provinces in Sri Lanka [1]. In the current study the patient’s age ranged from 38 to 80 years and also all of them were confirmed as having CAD. Sri Lanka diabetes and cardiovascular study, carried out in 2005 – 2006 period have concluded that high prevalence of dyslipidemia among Sri Lankan adults (> 18 years) [2]. In this study among confirmed patients of CAD hyperlipidemia was the second common risk factor among patient who had à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ £ 3 grafts (71 %) and 51 % in patients who had > 3 grafts. According to Fernando et al (1994) prevalence of diabetes and hypertension was 15% and 61% for males and 18% and 41% for females in suburban community of age range 30 – 64 years respectively [4] which agrees with present data among CAD patients. A significant difference was observed between the family history and number of grafts bypassed (à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ £2 = 3.9, p Table 2. The odds ratios related to risk factors According to Veeranna et al (2010) diabetes mellitus was the only predictor of obstructive CAD in elderly (> 65 years) and lipid levels had no correlation or a weak correlation with obstructive CAD [5]. According to present data hyperlidemia had the lowest odds ratio while diabetics had 1.2 time risk of having > 3 grafts. However, those who have family history and hypertension are twice likely to have > 3 grafts performed at the surgery irrespective of the gender or age. However, according to this study contribution of hyperlipidemia to increase the number of grafts is comparatively less. Early detection and treatment for hypertension thus may contribute to reduce the number of grafts being performed at surgery (CABG). Therefore, CAD patients should be made aware of the contribution of above risk factors to contribute to increase the number of grafts at surgery. Referances Katulanda, P., De Vas Gunawardena, A.N.P., Constantine, G.R., Sheriff M.H.R., Matthews, D.R.: Prevalence and correlates of hypertension in Sri Lanka. In: 42nd Anual Academic Sessions of College of Physicians, pp. 43 (2009) Herath, H.R.I.S., Katulanda, P., Matthews, D.R., Sheriff, M.H.R., Constantine, G.R., De Vas Gunawardena, A.N.P., Katulanda, G.W.:Prevalence and patterns of dyslipidaemia among adult Sri Lankans. In: 123rd Anual Scientific Sessions of Sri Lanka Medical Association, pp. 15 (2010) Wijewardene, K., Mohideen, M.R., Mendis, S., Fernando, D.S., Kulathilaka T., Weerasekara, D., and Uluwitta, P.: Prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and obesity: baseline findings of a population based survey in four provinces in Sri Lanka. Ceylon Medical Journal. 62–70 (2004) Fernando, D.J.S., Siribaddana, S.H., De Silva D.R., Perera S.D.,: The prevalence of obesity and other coronary risk factors in a suburban Sri Lankan community. Asia Pacific J Clin Nutri, pp. 155–159 (1994) Veeranna, V., Pradhan, J., Niraj, A., Fakhry H.,and Afonso, L.,: Traditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Severity of Angiographic Coronary Artery Disease in the Elderly. Preventive Cardiology, pp. 135-140 (2010)

Trust Inference Model Proposal

Trust Inference Model Proposal (step1-13 in Alg. 4) in the continu-ous case. For advogato data set, we directly report the results on all the six snapshots (i.e., advogato-1, . . . , advogato-6). For PGP, we use its subsets to study the scalability. The result is shown in Fig. 6, which is consistent with the complex-ity analysis in Section 4.3. As we can see from the figure, MATRI scales linearly wrt to both n and |K|, indicating that it is suitable for large-scale applications. The scalability result for the binary case is similar, and we omit the figures for brevity. (b) (c) (d) Fig. 3. Scalability of the proposed MATRI for continuous case. MATRI scales linearly wrt the data size (n and |K|). (a) Wall-clock time vs. n on advogato. (b) Wall-clock time vs. |K| on advogato. (c) Wall-clock time vs. n on PGP. (d) Wall-clock time vs. |K| on PGP. Fig. 4. Comparisons of alternative solutions of MATRI. Compared to MATRI-AA, MATRI-SS and MATRI-AS are more than 10x faster while preserving more than 90% accuracy on both data sets. (a) advogato data set. (b) PGP data set. (C) Comparisons of the Alternatives of MATRI. As men-tioned before, the stochastic gradient descent method (SGD) could also be used for the continuous trust inference prob-lem in computing propagation vector and solving Eq. (5). We now experimentally evaluate the efficiency of all the four alternatives of MATRI. We use MATRI-AA to denote the original MATRI, MATRI-SA to denote the case when we use SGD in the propagation step, MATRI-AS. VI RELATED WORK In this section, we briefly review related work, includ-ing trust propagation models, multi-aspect trust inference models, etc. Trust Propagation Models. To date, a large body of trust inference models are based on trust propagation where trust is propagated along connected users in the trust net-work, i.e., the web of locally-generated trust ratings. Based on the interpretation of trust propagation, we further cate-gorize these models into two classes: path interpretation and component interpretation.The proposed MATRI integrates the trust propagation with two other important properties, i.e., the multi-aspect of trust and trust bias. In addition, our multi-aspect model offers a natural way to speed up on-line query response; as well as to mitigate the sparsity or coverage problem in trust inference where some trustor and trustee might not be connected with each other both are known limitations with the current trust propagation models [10]. Multi-Aspect Trust Inference Models. Social scientists have explored the multi-aspect property of trust for several years [8]. In computer science, there also exist a few trust inference models that explicitly explores the trust propagation. Trust Bias in Trust Inference. In sociology, it was dis-covered a long time ago that trust bias is an integral part in the final trust decision [9]. Nonetheless, this important aspect has been largely ignored in most of the existing trust inference models. One exception is from Nguyen et al. [13], which learns the importance of several trust bias related features derived from a social trust framework. Recently, Mishra et al. [25] propose an iterative algorithm to compute trust bias. Different from these existing works, our focus is to incorporate various types of trust bias as specified factors/aspects to increase the accuracy of trust inference. VII CONCLUSION In this paper, we have proposed a trust inference model, as well as a family of algorithms to apply the model to both continuous and binary inference scenarios. The basic idea of the proposed MATRI is to leverage the multi-aspect property of trust by characterizing several aspects/factors for each trustor and trustee based on the existing trust relationships. In addition, MATRI incorporates the trust propagation and trust bias; and further learns their rela-tive weights. By integrating all these important properties, our experimental evaluations on real benchmark data sets show that MATRI leads to significant improvement over several benchmark approaches in prediction accuracy, for both quantifying numerical trustworthiness scores and pre-dicting binary trust/distrust signs. The proposed MATRI is also nimble it is up to 7 orders of magnitude faster than the existing trust propagation methods in the on-line query response, and in the meanwhile it enjoys the linear scalabil-ity for th e pre-computational stage in both time and space. Future work includes investigating the capability of MATRI to address the trust dynamics. REFERENCES C. Ziegler and G. Lausen, â€Å"Propagation models for trust and distrust in social networks,† Inform. Syst. Front., vol. 7, no. 4, pp.337–358, 2005. A. Jà ¸sang and R. Ismail, â€Å"The Beta reputation system,† in Proc. 15th Bled Electron. Comm. Conf., vol. 160. Bled, Slovenia, Jun. 2002. S. D. Kamvar, M. T. Schlosser, and H. Garcia-Molina, â€Å"The Eigentrust algorithm for reputation management in P2P net-works,† in Proc. 12th Int. Conf. WWW, Budapest, Hungary, 2003, pp.640–651. M. Richardson, R. Agrawal, and P. Domingos, â€Å"Trust management for the semantic web,† in Proc. 2nd ISWC, Sanibel Island, FL, USA, 2003, pp. 351–368. D. Cartwright and F. Harary, â€Å"Structural balance: A generalization of Heider’s theory,† Psychol. Rev., vol. 63, no. 5, pp. 277–293, 1956. G. Liu, Y. Wang, and M. Orgun, â€Å"Trust transitivity in complex social networks,† in Proc. AAAI, 2011, pp. 1222–1229. D. Gefen, â€Å"Reflections on the dimensions of trust and trustwor-thiness among online consumers,† ACM SIGMIS Database, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 38–53, 2002. D. Sirdeshmukh, J. Singh, and B. Sabol, â€Å"Consumer trust, value, and loyalty in relational exchanges,† J. Marketing, vol. 66, no. 1, pp.15–37, 2002. A. Tversky and D. Kahneman, â€Å"Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases,† Sci., vol. 185, no. 4157, pp. 1124–1131, 1974. Y. Yao, H. Tong, F. Xu, and J. Lu, â€Å"Subgraph extraction for trust inference in social networks,† in Proc. IEEE/ACM Int. Conf. ASONAM, Istanbul, Turkey, 2012, pp. 163–170. L. Xiong and L. Liu, â€Å"Peertrust: Supporting reputation-based trust for peer-to-peer electronic communities,† IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng., vol. 16, no. 7, pp. 843–857, Jul. 2004. J. Tang, H. Gao, and H. Liu, â€Å"mTrust: Discerning multi-faceted trust in a connected world,† in Proc. 5th ACM Int. Conf. WSDM, Washingtion, DC, USA, 2012, pp. 93–102. V. Nguyen, E. Lim, J. Jiang, and A. Sun, â€Å"To trust or not to trust? Predicting online trusts using trust antecedent framework,† in Proc. 9th IEEE ICDM, Miami, FL, USA, 2009, pp. 896–901. Y. Koren, â€Å"Factorization meets the neighborhood: A multifaceted collaborative filtering model,† in Proc. 14th ACM SIGKDD Int. Conf. KDD, New York, NY, USA, 2008, pp. 426–434. R. Guha, R. Kumar, P. Raghavan, and A. Tomkins, â€Å"Propagation of trust and distrust,† in Proc. 13th Int. Conf. WWW, New York, NY, USA, 2004, pp. 403–412. Y. Koren, R. Bell, and C. Volinsky, â€Å"Matrix factorization techniques for recommender systems,† Comput., vol. 42, no. 8, pp. 30–37, 2009. P. Massa and P. Avesani, â€Å"Controversial users demand local trust metrics: An experimental study on epinions. com community,† in Proc. 20th Nat. Conf. AAAI, 2005, pp. 121–126. B. Lang, â€Å"A computational trust model for access control in P2P,† Sci. China Inform. Sci., vol. 53, no. 5, pp. 896–910, 2010. R. Bell, Y. Koren, and C. Volinsky, â€Å"Modeling relationships at mul-tiple scales to improve accuracy of large recommender systems,† in Proc. 13th ACM SIGKDD Int. Conf. KDD, New York, NY, USA, 2007, pp. 95–104. H. Ma, M. Lyu, and I. King, â€Å"Learning to recommend with trust and distrust relationships,† in Proc. 3rd ACM Conf. RecSys, New York, NY, USA, 2009, pp. 189–196. A. Buchanan and A. Fitzgibbon, â€Å"Damped Newton algorithms for matrix factorization with missing data,† in Proc. IEEE CVPR, vol. 2. Washington, DC, USA, 2005, pp. 316–322. X. Liu, A. Datta, K. Rzadca, and E. Lim, â€Å"Stereotrust: A group based personalized trust model,† in Proc. 18th ACM CIKM, Hong Kong, China, 2009, pp. 7–16. D. Watts and S. Strogatz, â€Å"Collective dynamics of ’small-world’ networks,† Nature, vol. 393, no. 6684, pp. 440–442, 1998. J. Leskovec, J. Kleinberg, and C. Faloutsos, â€Å"Graphs over time: Densification laws, shrinking diameters and possible explana-tions,† in Proc. 11th ACM SIGKDD Int. Conf. KDD, Chicago, IL, USA, 2005, pp. 177–187. C.-W. Hang, Y. Wang, and M. P. Singh, â€Å"Operators for propagating trust and their evaluation in social networks,† in Proc. 8th Int. Conf. AAMAS, Budapest, Hungary, 2009, pp. 1025–1032. J. Leskovec, D. Huttenlocher, and J. Kleinberg, â€Å"Predicting posi-tive and negative links in online social networks,† in Proc. 19th Int. Conf. WWW, Raleigh, NC, USA, 2010, pp. 641–650. Y. Wang and M. P. Singh, â€Å"Trust representation and aggregation in a distributed agent system,† in Proc. 21st Nat. Conf. AAAI, 2006, pp.1425–1430. Y. Wang and M. P. Singh, â€Å"Formal trust model for multiagent systems,† in Proc. 20th IJCAI, San Francisco, CA, USA, 2007, pp.1551–1556. C. Hsieh, K. Chiang, and I. Dhillon, â€Å"Low rank modeling of signed networks,† in Proc. 18th ACM SIGKDD Int. Conf. KDD, Beijing, China, 2012, pp. 507–515. K.-Y. Chiang, N. Natarajan, A. Tewari, and I. S. Dhillon, â€Å"Exploiting longer cycles for link prediction in signed net-works,† in Proc. 20th ACM CIKM, Glasgow, Scotland, U.K., 2011, pp.1157–1162.

Saturday, July 20, 2019

Famous :: essays research papers

So here I am, microphone in hand, about to sing in front of 100 million people across the world. The cameras are on me, and the audience has fallen silent in anticipation. How did this happen, you ask? How did I, Katie Skipton – an ordinary 15-year-old schoolgirl just a couple of days ago – get to become an overnight superstar? Glad you asked. Sit back, relax, and let me tell you about the craziest day of my life†¦   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Three days ago, my class and I were looking forward to a fieldtrip that we were taking to France. We were studying Europe, and as the whole school knows, the sixth grade class votes on which country in Europe they want to visit. We voted on France this year because that’s the language that most of us were learning to speak.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Anyway, we were all at the airport waiting impatiently for our flight to come. People were looking at us funny. I mean, it’s not every day you see about 150 kids strolling around an airport with only ten adults. As I was sitting there, bored to death, I saw some of my friends go to the shops and cafà ©s, so I decided to go with them. We stopped by the bathrooms since most of us really needed to go badly. I always seem to take quite a while going to the bathroom. My friends already knew this, so they said that they would meet me at the cafà © across the hall.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When I was finally done going to the bathroom and washing my hands very thoroughly, I saw that there were three cafà ©s across the hallway. Which one did they go to? They could have at least had somebody wait here for me. Such good friends they are. Any way, I chose the one that looked most inviting, the one that would attract a lot of teens with its colorful appearance. I stepped inside and wandered around. Out of all the tables that were in there, none of them seated my friends. I had to find my friends because I didn’t know my way back to the waiting room.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I went to the next restaurant. I didn’t think they would be in here because it looked kind of junky and all I could see was a bar. They wouldn’t be allowed there. I had no luck in the last cafà ©, either.

Friday, July 19, 2019

Willa Cathers Death Comes for the Archbishop :: Willa Cather Death Comes for the Archbishop

Willa Cather's Death Comes for the Archbishop - A Powerful Non-Novel Responding to the criticism that Death Comes for the Archbishop is not a novel, Willa Cather proposed that the work was a narrative. Her choice of the word narrative signifies that the structure of Death Comes for the Archbishop is closer to that of a biography. A narrative is a type of composition used to recount events over a period of time and can incorporate description as well plot, but it does not necessarily have to. Death Comes for the Archbishop follows the guidelines of a narrative in that it recounts the events of Father Latour's life, beginning when he is appointed to New Mexico and ending with his death. Cather incorporates description into her narration, but does not offer dramatic plot structure. A novel utilizes the elements of narration, specifically including description and plot. Novels also incorporate a climax to the story along with denouement. Plot is unfolded by the actions, speech and thoughts of a character. It is these actions that lead to the climax and the resolution of the story. Based upon the guidelines used to classify a novel, Death Comes for the Archbishop does not meet the requirements and is therefore not a novel. Her work tells a story, but does not offer plot, climax or resolution. The events that are recounted in Cather's work do not build upon each other in order to offer a climax. Each event is no more significant than the one before it; for example, Cather places just as much emphasis on Latour's relationship with Olivares as he does with helping Sade pray (p 175, 213). While the events themselves do not add up to create the dramatic plot structure necessary to call Death Comes for the Archbishop a novel, each individual event experienced by Latour, is in itself a story that includes both climax and resolution. An example of this is Father Latour's death. It begins with him getting sick and living his last days, building up to his final moments and culminating in his death. The resolution to this individual event is the bell tolling and Latour being placed in the church he built. Each event in Latour's life does have plot and resolution, creating difficulty in not calling it a novel. However, if the work is examined as a whole piece, from beginning to end, it is evident that while it fits the boundaries of narration, it does not meet the qualifications of a novel.

Thursday, July 18, 2019

Marginal images – the potentials and limitations.

What are the potencies and restrictions of the fringy image?Why do fringy images exist? Before the traditional signifier of the book emerged in manuscript signifier, thoughts and events were codified onto coils. Because they were one uninterrupted axial rotation of stuff it was necessary to make divisions between the text and the border was the most practical and aesthetically pleasing solution. Medieval bookmans would hold to warrant the text by manus in order to heighten the aesthetic quality. Books of Hours are a common illustration of both cloistered authorship and the fringy image. Their intent was to aid people ‘s day-to-day supplications ; frequently merely including the first lines of certain supplications, anthem and extracts from the Bible, in peculiar the Psalms. Although originally for members of the clergy and the cloistered community, the wealthier categories started commissioning them to better their position. Marguerite ‘s Hours is a peculiarly utile illustration – a cardinal image shows the three Magi at Bethlehem, one points to a star. In the border we see the frequenter kneeling outside the cardinal infinite, she can non come in as it is holy. Around are monkeys or babewyns ( this term covers all composite animals ) and they reflect the actions of those in the cardinal image. Camille discusses the beginning of their presence: in Gallic ape is le scorch, really near to le signe. Monkeys hence signify representation itself. Their presence besides pertains to the head of a courtier – neither a profane or sacred province of head reflects their life at tribunal. Marguerite is concentrating her attending on the holy infinite but is still in the & A ; lsquo ; carnival ‘ border. At first glimpse the fringy images seem incoherent following to the cardinal 1s. Camille suggests that the images were a verbal and ocular manner for elect audiences [ 1 ] . He besides explain s that borders merely became an country for art when text as a cue for address was replaced by text as a written papers for its ain interest. Fringy imagination became more of import due to this different usage of text – words needed to be recognised more easy taking to a decreased amplification of the initials. Camille suggests that the frequently amusing nature of the images originates from the large-scale production of the texts – errors were bound to happen and the illuminators took advantage of this. In the Ormesby Psalter, Camille shows that people & A ; lsquo ; enjoyed ambiguity ‘ [ 2 ] as it is easier to bask and esteem the sacred when it can be contrasted with the profane. For illustration, there is a nun in the Psalter who is used to stand for the deficiency of celibacy in monasticism. She should be like the Virgin Mary yet she suckles a monkey, the scorch, doing the image a monstrous mark of the nun ‘s human wickedness. Maps besides offer an penetration into fringy images and the positions of the people who commissioned them. Friedman explains that there are two types of map: the Noachid or T-O map, a cosmogonic and theological map of the universe with & A ; lsquo ; ethnological purpose ‘ [ 3 ] ; and Macrobian which is region-centred and concerned with clime, taking to & A ; lsquo ; utmost people in utmost topographic points ‘ [ 4 ] . In Noachid maps, Jerusalem is the theological and geographical Centre of the universe. In Freidman ‘s illustration, the Hereford map ( c.1290 ) Jesus is at the top, or East of the map. It is the same in the Ebstorf map ( c.1240 ) , caput in the East, hands in the North and South and Feet in the West. Both maps have a set of & A ; lsquo ; monstrous races ‘ clustered at the border ( s ) of the map – they about appear pushed at that place. In the Hereford map, there are some of these races in the North, they are held back by Alexander Ã¢â‚¬Ë œs Gate of Brass to & A ; lsquo ; forestall the dirty peoples from nearing the Centre in the same manner the Nile confines the Plinian [ southern ] races ‘ [ 5 ] . Macrobian maps are wholly different as they illustrate climatic differences including a conjectural 2nd temperate zone in the Antipodes ( opposite-footed or Southern part ) . This poses sever fringy and doctrinal jobs – the Antipodes was an country which had the possible to host temperate peoples merely like themselves in the West, yet how would they hold a impression of their Godhead, the Christian God while they remained strictly conjectural? This type of map projected a general thought that morality and the visual aspect of monstrous races were due to habitat. Friedman offers descriptions of the Plinian Races which in our eyes is about amusive. The term Plinian originates from Greek and Roman descriptions. Pliny, being a Stoic, oversimplified the races, increasing their restrictions of accurate description s of them. Over the centuries new races were created by dividing and uniting bing 1s – the mediaeval people enjoyed big Numberss of them. However there are immense restrictions in their representations: why did n't the overdone representations disappear when coevalss went at that place? Friedman suggests that there was a psychological demand, to exert their imaginativenesss, to advance the fright of the unknown to maintain people faithful. Another ground is that some of the races really existed – pigmies, matriarchal & A ; lsquo ; Amazon ‘ societies and the Amyctyrae, perchance based on the Ubangi tribal usage of lip-stretching. He besides says that the description of the sciapod may hold been due to the extraordinary airss of yoga. Such mistakes in perceptual experience lead to decrease in the potency of such images. Cohen looks in to the thought of the fright of the unknown in the signifier of the Donestre. It illustrates the misperception and the psychological demands of & A ; lsquo ; others ‘ . Medieval people were marginal obsessed with unusual people. The Donestre represents the & A ; lsquo ; other ‘ who can place with you but has the power to transform you into a portion of itself. & A ; lsquo ; The Donestre transubstantiates the adult male ‘ [ 6 ] . Such representations reinforce the thought that the profane being utilised to heighten the sacred. Anglo-saxon England contained a intercrossed people [ 7 ] – the Donestre became of a form of & A ; lsquo ; a organic structure that absorbs difference without wholly cut downing or absorbing it ‘ [ 8 ] , a utile tool to reflect their intercrossed society and themselves within it. Maps and monstrous races offer the restrictions of fringy images of the other – faraway races which were non encountered everyday. They are limited as the medieval people fabricated or misinterpreted many of them. They do hold some possible nevertheless, as they provide an penetration into the mediaeval projection of the other and their position of themselves, for case the fright of being like those races and utilizing themselves to show or reassure themselves of their high quality. Marginalised Hebrews are wholly different as they were the seeable other within society. Art is non a mirror of historical society but it can intercede for us. In fringy images, harmonizing to Strickland, they were legally-bound to be identifiable within the crowd, they are frequently shown have oning odd-shaped chapeaus. This differentiation was required as, unlike Muslims or monstrous races, Jews were non easy to separate on a strictly ocular footing. Rubin explores Christian representations of host profanation ; in most rhythms they originate from a Parisian image- typically a Jew persuades a Christian adult female to steal the host from Mass and convey it to him in exchange for a garment. The Jew ( s ) proceed to knife the host to prove it as the organic structure of Jesus. This presents jobs in itself ; Jews did non accept Jesus as their Messiah so why would they experience the demand to prove it? The host begins to shed blood after they stab it, as the organic structure of Chri st this echoes or repeats the crucifixion which happened at the custodies of the Jews. The desecrators so seek to destruct it by firing, boiling or concealing it. However an phantom of Christ in assorted signifiers will emerge taking to either the host being found or Christians walk in during the phantom. The Jews are normally converted by what they have witnessed. This is due to a new focal point on the Eucharist and liturgical jobs the fold faced – it was hard to understand transubstantiation. The clergy could utilize these images to demo that if even Jews could be converted it would be foolish non to believe in the true organic structure and blood of Christ. Even after the Jews in the narratives convert they would normally be punished or executed. Hebrews were capable to force and humiliation throughout the mediaeval period, Christian images reinforce this outlook. Strickland besides talks about a thirteenth-century image showing the narrative of Theophilus, a Christian churchman who outwitted the Devil. In the image, a papers is passed to the Devil by a Jew. His facial characteristics are no different to the Christian but his chapeau identifies him. This image pertains to the thought that this Jew acted as an intermediary between Theophilus and the Devil. The Jew appears affluent, possibly due to the wickedness of vigorish, beef uping the statement of his association to the Devil. It is clear that Christians used art to project a negative image of Jews. It makes us inquire why they tolerated their presence in their society if they were so repulsed by them. Although we do cognize that England sent all Jews into exile some old ages subsequently. For me the most interesting fringy art is that made by Jews within this mostly Christian society. Harmonizing to Epstein, the Jews were present in mundane society but did non absorb to the full, taking to involvement anomalousnesss in lighted manuscripts. He besides points out that there are three variables for the manuscripts: did Judaic creative persons illuminate them? Did Christian artists light them? Does it non matter which artist as the frequenter may non hold allowed any free reign? Epstein talks about the thought of following and accommodating which is what a Judaic illuminator would make – accommodating recognized Christian iconography to accommodate a Judaic intent in a elusive manner. If Christians were lighting so & amp ; lsquo ; mediaeval Judaic art ‘ can non be, as they would hold conformed to acceptable traditions as good. The statement in basically inconclusive: the fact that the text is Hebrew does n't govern out a Christian creative person in the same manner that stylistic similarities do n't govern out a Judaic 1. Why would a Christian agree to do art for a Judaic intent, particularly if it was an anti-Christian one? Did the Jews non gain Christian creative persons were enforcing their conventions on them or was it strictly assimilation? It is possible that the Christians did n't gain what they were painting due to them non reading Hebrew. It is really of import to gain that these images were created for a Judaic audience, that is why it is & A ; lsquo ; Judaic art ‘ . They were to the full cognizant of Christian modern-day art and their unpopularity in society, so possibly by conforming to traditions they could defy in a less open mode. Strauss argues that erudite Jews would be able to decode the symbolic linguistic communication created which would protect the community from Christian persecution. Epstein discusses the fabrication of the fox and the fish which promotes the thought of the weak get the better ofing the str ong & A ; lsquo ; If we are afraid in the component in which we live, how much more so should we be in the component in which we would decease! ‘ [ 9 ] Animal symbols in the borders are really interesting as they show what the marginalised parts of society do with their ain borders. The hare-hunter is really utile in footings of animate being symbolism. In Hebraism it is out to run so why would a Judaic adult male return place with a non-kosher hare? Epstein discusses the thought that it may hold come from a similarity between Hebrew and Jewish words – it is non intended to be an amusive mnemonic but an identifiable symbol of the Jews as the hare, the prey. It allows them to keep their positive self-perception, necessary since the flight from Egypt as they can utilize such images to parallel modern-day societal fortunes. To summarize Epstein positions on & A ; lsquo ; Judaic mediaeval art ‘ it seems it provided a safe blowhole to let go of choler, hidden behind th e non-vernacular Hebrew, choler about expatriate and persecution while looking to accept the state of affairs on the surface. By analyzing art as a safety valve it can assist us understand Judaic self-perception and their internalized positions as a Western Medieval minority. In decision it seems the art of these Jews seems to hold the most possible in footings of fringy art. That is to state it gives a personal and & A ; lsquo ; honest ‘ penetration into their ideas. The jobs or restrictions of all the other signifiers discussed in the essay are they come from one western position, projecting positions onto others which will ever restrict their authorization.BibliographyM. Camille, Image on the Edge: The Margins of Medieval Art, ( London: Reaktion Books, 1992 ) M. Camille, The Gothic Idol: Political orientation and Image-Making in Medieval Art, ( Cambridge: Up, 1989 ) J.B. Friedman, The Monstrous Race in Mediaeval Art and Thought, ( Cambridge: Mass, 1981 ) J.J. Cohen, Monsters, Cannibalism, and the Fragile Body in Early England, hypertext transfer protocol: //www.gwu.edu/~humsci/facpages/cannibal.html D.B. Strickland, Saracens, Demons, and Hebrews: Making Monsters in Medieval Art, ( Princeton: Up, 2003 ) M. Rubin, Gentile Tales, The Narrative Assault on Late Medieval Jews, ( Yale: Up, 1999 ) M.M. Epstein, Dreams of Subversion in Medieval Art and Literature, ( University Park, Pennsylvania: Up, 1997 ) [ 1 ] Camille p. 13 [ 2 ] Camille p. 28 [ 3 ] Friedman p. 42 [ 4 ] Friedman p. 42 [ 5 ] Friedman p. 45 [ 6 ] Cohen p. 2 [ 7 ] Cohen p. 3 [ 8 ] Cohen p. 3 [ 9 ] Epstein p. 9

Dell Computers Essay

dingle Computer pioneered a new way of making and exchange personal calculators. Its customers custom-design their information processing dodge eachwhere the lucre or phone. dingle reengineered its add together chain as it coordinated its efforts with its suppliers and streamlined its order-pickings and fruit process. It can ship a computer within two days of taking an order. Personal computers lose 1 per centum of their value every week they get on a shelf. Thus, having virtually no blood is a great reward to dingle. Compaq tried to adopt dingles approach, but with limited success.dells CEO Michael dell understood that engaging of execution. His contain-sales and build-to-order approach was not just a marketing tactic to bypass retailers it was the incumbrance of his personal credit line strategy. Execution is the reason Dell passed Compaq in market value old age ago, despite Compaqs vastly great size and scope, and its the reason Dell passed Compaq in 2001 a s the worlds biggest maker of PCs. As of November 2001, Dell was blastoff to double its market share, from approximately 20 to 40 percent.Dell turns its inventory over eighty measures a year, compared with to the highest degree ten to twenty times for its rivals, and its workings capital is negative. As a result, it generates an bulky amount of silver. In the fourth backside of fiscal 2002, with r in timeues of $8. 1 billion and an operate margin of 7. 4 percent, Dell had cash flow of $1 billion from operations. Its shine on invested capital for fiscal 2001 was 355 percentan incredible rate for a association with its sales volume.Its high velocity besides allows it to give customers the latest technological rectifyments frontwards of other makers, and to take advantage of move component costseither to improve margins or to cut prices. These are the reasons Dells strategy became deadly for its competitors at one time PC growth slowed. Dell capitalized on their misery and cut prices in a bid for market share, increasing the outdistance between it and the rest of the intentness. Because of its high velocity, Dell could show high return on capital and positive cash flow, even with margins depressed.Its competition couldnt. The system works just because Dell executes meticulously at every stage. The electronic linkages among suppliers and manufacturing create a unseamed extended enterprise. A manufacturing executive we endure who worked at Dell for a time calls its system the best manufacturing operation Ive ever seen. In 1998, Dell Computers launched its startle global brand advert parkway, ancestry in the United States and Canada, to further highlight the advantages of its direct business model. The brand advertising course carries the theme Be Direct. The campaign highlights Dells unique business model, which helps to eliminate barriers between customers and the manufacturer, providing Dell with the representation to enhance the overall customer experience. Dells advertising has focused to begin with on its products and has been targeted largely at computer-enthusiast and industry trade publications, cable and local tv and a few national newspapers. The Be Direct campaign will be in addition to the companys ongoing product-oriented advertising. The new brand campaign emphasizes the strengths and advantages of Dells direct-to-customer business philosophy.The direct model, pioneered by Dell in the computer industry, enables Dell customers to have computer systems create to their specifications a single point of righteousness award-winning service and support and refrain access to the latest relevant technology. Presently, the growing number of orders comes in over the Internet. The order-taking system interfaces with Dells own supply chain control system, which ensures that inventory is where it unavoidably to be for the computer to be fabricate quickly. In addition, Dell stores very weeny inventory.Instead , Dells suppliers have construct warehouses close to Dells facilities, and Dell orders parts on a just-in-time basis. By implementing these strategies, Dell has been able to provide customers with incisively what they want very quickly. In addition, inventory costs are low, and Dell minimizes the hazard of parts obsolescence in the rapidly ever-changing computer industry. In this way, Dell has aim a dominant player in the desktop PC market and is come up on its way to doing so in the laptop and server markets.ReferencesCravens, D. W. & Piercy, N. (2003). Chapter 1 strategical Planning and Decision Making. NJ McGraw-Hill Companies. http//www.dell.com

Wednesday, July 17, 2019

Brady Act & Constitutional Law

How artillery units and firearms be sold and nourish in the United States of America has changed as both firearms and the outlook of the general customary about accelerator ownership by private individuals developed and changed over time. From the very(prenominal) first time firearms were introduced to the public to the theatrical role of firearms for a variety of reasons other than as a weapon to kill or maim a nonher human being intentionally, natural virtues and regulations express-wide as well as interior(a) has been put into action so that the problems arising from worthless gun control can be addressed. in that location be several equitys in ensn be in the United States today which instantly affect the selling and ownership of guns. iodine of these righteousnessfulnesss is the Brady Handgun apply accomplishment, a equity which was campaigned for and was inspired by the vision and dedication of Ms. Sarah Brady, wise of the deceased James Brady. Sarah Brad y campaigned for the entry of constabulary that would energise gun sales agreement and purchase a process that erases the chances that guns ensconce into the wrong hands. Sarah lost her husband by and by James was killed during an assassination attempt against reason US president Ronal Reagan.The Brady cultivate was passed, only it has many critics coming from different sides. round praise the initiative especially those who swear that one of the serious issues that impartiality makers and integrity enforcement units should address is firearms and violence. The Brady carry was passed in reply to what Congress describes as an epidemic of gun violence Whether or not the valuation reflected in the passageway of the Brady deport is settle as to the extent of the danger and the energy of the legislation, the congressional stopping point surely warrants more respect that it is accorded in todays un antecedented decision (Kommers, Finn, Jacobsohn, 2004, p.270). The integral law implications of the Brady act as The enactment into law of the Brady Handgun Control performance (previously the Brady Handgun Control Bill) make believed many subsequently incumbrances. The immediate constitutional implication of the Brady recreate is the changing of what can be considered as the legal process of owning a gun. precedent to the Brady crop, in that respect are no laws that learn the screening of individuals who want to purchase a firearm. scarcely beca riding habit of the Brady Act, suppliers, dealers and sellers of firearms who are identified by the Brady Act as required by the law to undergo customer screening is at a time constrained to do so, lest they are subjected to the penalties that go with the assault of the Brady Act. Another noticeable effect of the Brady Act in the constitutional law is the idea of enforcing state laws into the federal system, which few believed as a breach of the reign of the states and a direct violation of the ordinal amendment.The tenth amendment basically guarantees the sovereignty of the states from the comprehend chimneypiece and federal rule of rules and laws which are being imposed nationwide. When the Brady Bill was passed and make the Brady Act, local state regimes and addresss were torn on whether or not the state is iniquitous of usurping state powers when they introduced the Brady Act and the features of this particular law.According to the take for made by National look into Council titled Containing the bane from Illegal Bombings An coordinated National dodge for Marking, Tagging, Rendering Inert, and Licensing Explosives and Their Precursors, not all of the states proved to be assailable to the idea of the federal government, and there are more or less who felt that there are real problems comprise in the duplicity of the Brady Act in all of the states. concisely after the acts passage, local law enforcement officials from roughly the country filed laws uits seeking to enjoin its enforcement and to have its impermanent provisions declared unconstitutional under the Tenth Amendment (National Research Council, 1998, p. 290). The retort of the different courts that heard out this countersign over undue pressure from the federal government was varied. This is be intellect the interpretation and tolerance towards the use and dissimulation of the Brady Act in any state is also different.Some states think that the features of the Brady Act are ok. The Ninth Circuit lawcourt of Appeals in Mack v. United States upheld the constitutionality of the interim provisions, finding in the Brady Act, nothing unusually jarring to our system of federalism (National Research Council, 1998, p. 290). But while there are courts who control in favor of the Brady Act and its imposition in the state, there were also instances wherein the court ruled in favor of the state government and its rights, some courts, like the fifth Circuit Court of Appea ls in Koog v.United States, found the interim provisions unconstitutional, explaining that the interim duties effectively commandeer the legislative processes of the States, and in violation of the Tenth Amendment, cross the line from tolerable encouragement of a state regulative response into that constitutionally forbidden grunge of coercion of the sovereign States (National Research Council, 1998, p. 290). in any event the friction that the Brady Act made with regards to the alliance of the government of the sovereign states and the federal government, the law also appears to have a strong role in how the law makers would create other laws.The Brady Act acts as precedent for the creation of other laws against other things well-nigh related to firearms, starting with the regulation of volatile products. Facing an age where terrorism is largely defined by the use of jokers and by the presence of chemicals being used for bomb-making, law makers may rethink their position i n pending laws that will affect bomb and explosives regulation. The fate of the Brad Act has unequivocal implications for any regulations that Congress may stand up to control ammonium nitrate or other explosive products (National Research Council, 1998, p. 290). There are other effects on law and constitution caused by the Brady Act. For example, the Brady Act provided the plug to close several holes in some existing laws in gun control, like the Federal Gun Control Act of 1968 and acted as a law that supported other judicial parturiencys to rubbish violence originating from firearms, like the Federal reddened Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994. The Brady Act as a law went head on against some of the existing state laws on firearms purchase and selling, and because it was a redundancy, some states did not see stand for to use or implement it.But this does not seem to matter because, according to Siegel, the Brady Act was considered by some as inefficacious in achi eving what it was designed for. When Jen Ludwig and Philip Cook compared ii sets of states thirty-two that installed the Brady Law in 1994 and 18 states plus the District of Columbia, which already had alike(p) types of laws prior to 1994 they found that there was no evidence that implementing the Brady Law contributed to a simplification in homicide (Siegel, 2005, pg 49). Conclusion It is easily imaginable how the proponents of the Brady Act only had in heed the undertaking of a noble cause to protect the public. But as it turned out, the Brady Bill did not only became a source of confusion and debate concerning constitutional rights of the state government which cannot be breached by federal government, it also proved as a blunt knife when it comes to the effort in cutting down dictatorial firearms sell that leads to violence.Proponents of the Brady Act were hoping that the rest of the country would embrace it and that the efforts will be pass by its efficacy. But at s ome point they were wrong because of many things. First, there are already equal laws installed in some states that the Brady Law is just an needless cause of confusion for them. present moment, the resulting effort to make the Brady Act a nationwide and blanket law was met with criticisms over the supposed impaction of federal government illegally on constitutionally protected state government rights.If the Brady Act proves that it can provide a very sound framework from which impertinent rules will be made from (i. e. the law on the restriction of explosives), then the Brady Act will indirectly make a positive contribution towards efforts which are adapt in getting the same results similar to the outcome that the Brady Bill was hoping to achieve. References Kommers, Donald P. , Finn, John E. and Jacobsohn, Gary J.(February 2004). American Constitutional Law Essays, Cases, and Comparative Notes, Second Edition, Volume 1. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. National Research Council (July 1998). Containing the Threat from Illegal Bombings An Integrated National Strategy for Marking, Tagging, Rendering Inert, and Licensing Explosives and Their Precursors. National Academies Press. Siegel, Larry J. (March 2005). Criminology. Wadsworth.

Tuesday, July 16, 2019

Company/ individual report on roles and responsibilities Essay

Company/ individual report on roles and responsibilities Essay

A leader is.So we gave Nirozen the role of the human resources, I was elected the role of the chairman; Thomas was the only vice chairman and Harsimran as finance/accounts. The role of the marketing was given to Eugene.Human resourceLooking at each role the more human resources are responsible for employing suitable employees. Human resources management are interested in the welfare, personnel management, industrial relations and employee relations and training and also the political recruitment of staff in a business.Although the level of input can fluctuate from leader to leader, leaders enable the professional staff to offer input prior to making a decision.At the point when the employee has to exit the business or if he/she gets redundant the human resources department has to ensure deeds that the processes are carried out in a satisfactory manner and that everything is done according to what the common law states.Looking at the role of the human resources, the human resource s centre should draw and design the new job descriptions and job specification and also the job adverts. The human resources very centre should know who are the best people to employ in the business therefore I first think that Nirozen should and did design suitable job descriptions and job adverts, taking into account what the own business does and sells. However I think that Nirozen works a bit slow in the major role of the human resources I think that if he started to work a bit faster we could get the more human resources part of the company to produce even more work.

Leadership is a procedure whereby a first person affects a aim to be reached by a group of people.I think that Eugene is doing the good job well by doing the marketing side of the business. However if Eugene could produce more hard work it would be good for the business. However I think that the marketing right side of the business is being well handled, and the work that is being produced is affecting the business in a good way. Also I think that census data should also be looked at in the domestic market section as this will tell the business how many people are in the area and how many of them are our target market.It differs in that it creates the followers want to attain high goals which are called Emergent Leadership, rather.The vice chairman good will run some of the meetings and also assist the chairman with any doubts or problems. try This will take some of the burden of my shoulder.ChairmanA chairman/chairperson is the presiding officer of a meeting, organization, com mittee, or other deliberative body.Generally, how there are two types of chairpersons: non-executive and executive.

Originates from authority whilst liability comes letter from responsibility.As I am the chairman, I have to organise and run the meetings. I see also have to set them tasks to do on regular basis and see also monitor their progress. I also have to help them when getting there are in need of assistance.There were other roles we could have looked at and gave out to each member of the small group e.Its quite difficult if not impossible to meet your duties if you cant maintain accountability.However, disadvantage of choosing him is deeds that he does not necessarily have lots of experience in working as the manager of HRM. Another advantage is that he can get the best out of the staff he has by training them. Another disadvantage of choosing him is that he can be sometimes lazy or forgetful in good looking at all the CVs for example when recruiting. Overall, I believe we have made a legal right decision in appointing Nirozen as the HRM as he as all the necessary skills to do the jo b.

Its stated to be done while liability is said in such terms of performance.Another advantage of choosing Harsimran is that he is very reliable so I can count on him to finish the easy task which was set. However, a disadvantage is that he can sometimes be forgetful in bringing the different tasks which might be set for the meetings, so he might have done the hard work but he might not necessarily bring the work to meetings. Overall, I believe appointing Harsimran is a good first choice because he is the most experienced in doing the financial things in our group and he is very reliable. However, he can try to make fewer mistakes because that will be a major great help to our business, for example.Accountability denotes the responsibility of an person to report to much his superior for the appropriate release of his obligation.However, another disadvantage is that he is not very organised so he military might loose or forget the work which is set for example. Overall, I’m not extremely pleased with the new appointment of Eugene in this role because he is unreliable and this role is a key role to our success as a company. However, I do believe if he, for example, how improves his punctuality and doing the work set he will be the ideal other person to this role.Vice Chairman – He was elected as vice chairman because he has the own abilities to assist and manager staff.

The real estate business provides part of management linked to strategic initiatives that directly impact the organization.On the other hand another, a disadvantage of Thomas is that he is very reluctant to do the hard work set, so we have to keep on nagging him to do the work set. Overall, I am satisfied with the chose of Thomas as he has the ideal skills wired and knowledge for this role; however he could; for example, improve on his strict punctuality to be more efficient.Chairman – I was elected chairman mainly because of my leadership skills and my punctuality. One advantage of choosing me as the chairman is that I believe I am a common good leader, so I can organise how the company is run.Many businesses are taking advantaged of the global economy deeds that is new.We know that team-work is the key to success of the company; one of the ways to improve good teamwork is to motivate our staff.Ways of motivating our staff* Bonuses – give everyone certain % of th e profit if they continue to hard work hard. This helps them motivated and to work harder to achieve the bonuses. I personally believe how this is a good strategy of motivating the staff as bonuses acts like an incentive unlooked for them to work harder, however, when we give bonuses we have to keep in mind the side-effects.

The very first thing management is run an audit.* Give praise – give praises if they how have done a good job. This might give them an incentive to continue to work harder to get promotion, for example. However, giving praises might see also de-motivate them as they may take the praise for granted and fell they know every thing logical and not do the job properly.* Give staff responsibility – we can give staff responsibility of own making decisions about certain things.Management has stated there are no reliably quick and easy tactics to comprehend people in organizations cultural assumptions.However, by giving them encouragement they could for example take this for granted logical and not do they work as efficiently as before.Team-workWe can use several strategies to improve how our team working. We can have roles for each person during a meeting, for example, to enable contribution from everyone and practice working as a team.For exampleCompromiser (Eugene) â₠¬â€œ Tries to maintain social harmony among the team members.

Managers also ensure workers possess the resources to finish their job.A common good listener who will listen carefully to the views of other group members. Good judge of people. Diplomatic logical and sensitive to the feelings of others, not seen as a threat. Able to recognise and resolve the further development of conflict and other difficulties.Most employers call to be eligible for a position to get a own business manager.Goes into detail about how group plans would work.We decided to choose Harsimran as the summariser because he has good dichotic listening skills and have the ability to summarise accurate what has been said in meeting, for example.Ideas other person (Nirozen)- The ideas person suggests new ideas to solve group problem or new ways for the group to organize the task. He dislikes orthodoxy and not too concerned with practicalities.

Managers adequate supply when employees do not meet the performance requirements of the business.Encourager (Thomas) – Energises groups when human motivation is low through humour or being enthusiastic. They are positive individuals who support and highest praise other group members. They may use humour to break tensions in the group.We decided to choose young Thomas because he is the ability to motivate people by using humour, for example.He gives shape to the team effort. He recognises the skills of the individuals and how they can be used. Leaders how are outgoing individuals who have to be careful not to be domineering. They can sometimes german steamroller the team but get results.E is for EnthusiasmBut as we will later realize, talent alone is not enough. A knowledgeable team member must also be enthusiastic.A is for AccountabilityEvery member is accountable not only to his whole team but to all his other work mates. We are not responsible only of ourselves.