Smith, Edmund Kirby

Smith, Edmund Kirby Smith, Edmund Kirby, or Edmund Kirby-Smith, 1824â€"93, American soldier, Confederate general in the Civil War, b. St. Augustine, Fla. A West Point graduate, he was cited for gallantry in the Mexican War. A major when he resigned from the U.S. army (Mar., 1861) to fight for the Confederacy, he served in the Shenandoah under J. E. Johnston , and fought at Bull Run (July). Smith led the Confederate advance into Kentucky and defeated a Union force at Richmond, Ky. (Aug., 1862). He ably commanded the isolated Trans-Mississippi Dept. (1863â€"65) and was promoted to general in Feb., 1864. The unsuccessful Red River campaign of Nathaniel P. Banks was directed against his forces. Smith was one of the last Confederate generals to surrender (May 26, 1865). After the war he was chancellor of the Univ. of Nashville from 1870 to 1875 and professor at the Univ. of the South, Sewanee, Tenn., from 1875 to 1893. See biographies by A. H. Noll (1907) and J. H. Parks (1954); R. L. Kerby, Kirby Smith's Confederacy (1972). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

The Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne - 1123 Words

The Novel, The Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne is about a woman named Hester Prynne who is married to an older man, but not for love. Mrs. Pryne has an affair with another man named Arthur Dimmsdale and is completely ostracized by the community. It is revealed that because of this affair she gave birth to a daughter, Pearl. The main conflict Is external with Hester, but internal with her lover, Arthur. It is later revealed, Hester had taken full blame for the affair, but that is eating away at Dimmsdale’s conscience. Arthur’s health is slowly deteriorating. The climax is when Dimmsdale becomes an idol in the town after preaching powerful and influential sermons. Arthur would love nothing more than to confess, but such†¦show more content†¦(250 Words) Hester Prynne In the novel, The Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Hester Prynne is a young, strong, carefree woman who is married to an older man by the name of Roger Chillingworth. She married Roger although she did not love him. This led to her having an affair with Arthur Dimmsdale, which causes her to be publically shamed and humiliated in front of the whole community. Prynne is a major protagonist in the novel, because she is the target of all the alienation and estrangement from her locality. During this time, Hester becomes lost in thought and speculation on human nature and which leads her to become agnostic and wise. The narrator claims to denounce her new freethinking spirit, but covertly commends her confidence and ideas. Hester is also has a maternal nature about her, not only because she has a daughter, but she cares for the poor by bringing them supplies such as food and clothing. By the end of the novel, Hester Prynne becomes a well-respected, feminist, ma ternal figure in her community. After all the uproar about her affair blows over, she shows the people of the community the only reason she was so badly alienated was because of the old-fashioned sexist beliefs about women. For example in this quote, she is addressing the public regarding its radical, old-fashioned rules. â€Å"Doth the universe lie within the compass of yonder town, which only a little time ago was but a leaf-strewn

Women Better Leaders - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 571 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2018/12/18 Category Management Essay Type Research paper Level High school Tags: Leadership Essay Did you like this example? Hilary Clinton, presidential candidate of the United States, Susan Wojcicki, CEO of YouTube, Theresa May, prime minister of the United Kingdom, these are just but a few of the successful women leaders in the worlds. Women are considered subordinates to men in all situations and cannot take up the leadership role. Leadership requires much more than just being a man. It is evident that women have been in leadership and made remarkable contributions globally, such as enabling change, providing lasting solutions to problems and inspiring action. Women are definitely better leaders than men. Oprah Winfrey is an excellent example of a successful woman in leadership. Despite her difficult childhood which was stained with poverty, molestation, teenage pregnancy and death of her son, she still was able to do better in life. With perseverance and hard work, she made it as a great leader. Her show The Oprah Winfrey Show was the highest-rated television program and was nationally syndicated from 1986to 2011 in Chicago. Oprah has been ranked the richest African-American, the greatest philanthropist in American history and North American first multi-billionaire black person. She has also been ranked as the most influential woman in the world. The ability rise from ashes and still move on makes women better leaders. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Women Better Leaders" essay for you Create order The exceptional communication skills of Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi made her become the first female prime minister of India. Women leadership in India was not accepted. But with her ability to communicate respectfully in a way that may relate to led her to become a successful and well-appreciated woman in leadership. She brought a sense of unity and purpose in the lives of the people of India (Knyszewski 2).Women`s ability to communicate with respect makes the great leaders as they create a sense of respect and appreciation. The first lady of the world Anna Eleanor Roosevelt made remarkable work and achieved greatly in relation to human rights. She had admirable negotiation skills that led her to become a well known and appreciated American diplomat, activist, and politician. She fought endlessly for human rights. Marie Curie also was a successful physicist and chemist. Marie is the first woman throughout history to win a Nobel Prize. Her ability to move forward relentlessly, her perseverance and great curiosity are just but some of the characteristics that enabled her to become an exceptionally successful scientist and female leader. Marie`s work influenced the world of science. This is another indication that women`s curiosity and ability to press on make then great leaders. Emotional stability is an important character that women hold. This character enables them to become great leaders. An exceptional example is Taylor Swift. The young musician has become one of the best-selling artists of all time. With her exceptional emotional stability, the world has seen her become hugely successful. Despite her humble beginning as an artist, Taylor is now a renowned artist due to her ability to express herself in a mature way through music. The ability of women to be humble yet show maturity enables them to become great leaders. Over the years there has been the argument that women are better leaders than men. I strongly agree and support this motion. With remarkable traits such as respect, sense of maturity, humility, and ability to persevere women have become great leaders in the world representing different sectors globally. Work cited Knyszewski, Jerome. 7 characteristics of hugely successful women. 22 Sept.? 2015, www.linkedin.com/pulse/7-characteristics-hugely-successful-female-leaders-jerome-knyszewski.

Mediation Is An Effective Method Of Dispute Resolution

One of the most peaceful and highly sought after ways of resolving conflict is mediation. It is the process where a mutually acceptable third party, with no authority to make descisions, intervenes and helps involved parties improve their relationships, enhance communication, and use effective problem-solving and negotiation procedures to reach mutually understanding or agreement. Based on the current research found, mediation is an effective method of dispute resolution. In studies prior to 1990, the reported settlement rate was approximately 60 percent and for the 1990- 2000 decade, the reported rate on average was 75 percent . For our most recent decade, this rate is about the same, roughly and 80 percent agreement rate. One of the†¦show more content†¦For example, in the case study we did in lecture, many a times the reasons behind another person’s actions is not solely because of money, but rather by principles and values that were violated by the other party. Hence when one party understands the circumstances and personal reasons certain actions were made by another, movement from entrenched positions become more possible. Lastly, once they are able to air their moral framework, and come to a common solution, the end result would be parties feeling psychologically more complete and satisfied. According to an article by Dr Pinzon Salcedo (2002), that by not having a deeper reflection of one’s true purpose in the mediation process, close to 25% of participants who reach an agreement still express dissatisfaction. On one of the mediation discussions we had, we realised that as the facts behind each party’s anger and resentment were not provided, this always leaves the opposite party feeling confused and frustrated by the behaviour of the aggrieved person. Upon having a sharing of their moral framework privately or openly, the mediation moves from the realm of physical demands, to really addressing the root of the problem behind any hostilities. Therefore, when a successful mediation occurs, both parties are psychologically more at peace with the decisions that are being made. This is large in part due to their own form â€Å"justice† or beliefs are being satisfied as

Marketing Plan Reef HQ

Question: Describe about marketing proposal that will form the basis of the marketing plan for this subject. You will be provided with a briefing by the client, Reef HQ? Answer: Company Reef HQ will be analyzed. As a part of marketing, the management will ensure that people from different corners of the world are aware of the existence of this aquarium. Brief background Reef HQ is known as the worlds largest coral reef aquarium. You will get a chance to see more than thousands of marine creatures. The visitors will love this aquarium as they will get a chance to witness the marine life of Great barrier reef. The visitors will see the marine life that they would have never thought about and hence, they love to spend hours over there. Reef HQ is into existence so that they can show to people about the marine life. The management of Reef HQ believed that this will motivate the people to support the marine life as there are high chances that it may extinct soon if the environmentalists ignore it. They also have a water caf inside so people have spend time with the marine creatures while they are enjoying their coffee. This is very affordable and hence, people from different corners of the world can come here. It also has a gift store so it allows the visitors to buy gifts and mementos for their loved ones. Competitive advantage There are various things in Reef HQ which makes it better than that of the other similar aquariums in Australia. Few of the competitive advantages of the reef HQ are discussed below. Reef HQ will allow people to be a part of the marine life. Nothing better can happen if you are given a chance to be a part of the marine life without getting wet. This is something different and people have never experienced this in the past. Reef HQ is very affordable and hence, it can be afforded by everybody. Anybody can afford to spend time here and this experience will be unique. People will love to come to the aquarium and spend time frequently. (Starr 2007). Target market Reef HQ will target all the people in the Australia. Apart from that, it also wants to attract all the tourists who come to Australia. (Stone 2001). How to provide customer value? Reef HQ will be different than that of the other aquariums which are present in Australia and also worldwide. Few of the things that make Reef HQ better than that of the other aquariums are as follows: - 1. Reef HQ can have a guide in the aquarium. The guide can explain the features of each marine life that they come across. This will help the regular people to understand the difference between all the marine lives.2. Reef HQ can give free gifts to the visitors who come to the aquarium. This will help the visitors to remember this and at the same time, the visitors will also remember to make frequent visits to this place (Mallabar 2009). Budget Particulars Amount required Banners $20000 Advertisements in magazine $60000 Website development $80000 Sales executive $40000 Other expenses $100000 $300000 Recommendations for senior management Few of the recommendations for the senior management of the reef HQ firm so that they can be rest are discussed below. The senior management of Reef HQ should tie up with schools so that the kids can come to the aquarium. Once the kids like this place, they will ask their parents also to visit here and hence, this will increase the business of Reef HQ. The senior management of Reef HQ can start with water diving so that people can experience diving and also enjoy the marine life. This will increase the business as most of the tourists who come to Australia will be excited to enjoy diving along with seeing the beauty of marine life. (California Bookwatch 2008). References California Bookwatch, 2008, The Business Plan Workbook, pp. 12-17 Mallabar, M, 2009, Commentary:Businessplanfundamentals, Daily Record, pp. 17-29 Starr, L, 2007, Small business plans: captain, your deck chairs have arrived!, Journal of pension benefits, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 75 Hursh, N, 2010, A custom business plan, Saskbusiness, Vol. 31, No. 8, pp. 32 Stone, A, 2001, Business Plan, Journal of housing community development, Vol. 58, No. 6, pp. 22-25

The Amendment Process free essay sample

The Hindu Caste System The Hindu Caste System has governed the lives of the Hindu people in India for thousands of years. Today, the Caste System shapes society in a similar, perhaps more extreme, way as when it was first implemented. Beginning with the Aryans, the Caste system gradually became the social system that gives an unchangeable structure to the Hindu peoples lives. While this manner of living is considered taboo by westerners and people of other religions, it is fully accepted by the Hindu people of India, who know no other way of doing things. The term caste is derivative of the Portuguese word casta, which referrs to a social class of hereditary and usually unchangeable status. The Hindu Caste System is made up of four varnas, meaning color in Sanskrit, as well as several sub-castes called jati: brahmins (priests); kshatriyas (warriors and aristocrats); vaishyas (cultivators, artisans, and merchants); and shudras (landless peasants and serfs). We will write a custom essay sample on The Amendment Process or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Lower still are the untouchables; these people are the poorest of Indias poor. The Caste System is limiting to those in the lower castes, however, the higher castes still have some limitations such as who they can marry. For example, a member of a higher caste, such as a kshatriya, is forbidden to marry a person from a lower class, such as a shudra (or vice Williamson 2 versa). Also, today, while money is everything to most cultures, the members of lower castes are unable to move up financially. These people are condemned to the poor slums and cannot do anything to change their situation. In more recent times, the untouchables especially are being targeted by cruel members of the higher, superior castes. The untouchables are subject to murder, rape, beating, and arson every day. At an alarming rate of two murders per day and approximately 250,000 cases of cruelty per year, this has become a serious problem in Indian society. A bothersome aspect of the Caste System is the numbness toward the hardships of those in the lower castes; this is what really affected me during the documentary, which showcased the attitudes of superior caste members oward the untouchables. When asked which would upset him the most, a kshatriya (who was a landlord and had a few untouchables working for him) stated that he would feel worse about one of his animals dying than one of his untouchables. Even more upsetting is the fact that these untouchables, like so many others like them, accept this kind of treatment simply because of the significance the Caste System has in Indian history. The Hindu Caste System is thousands of years old and still affects the lives of billions of people in India today, making for a rigid, unchangeable society structure that cannot be escaped. The lives of those in the lowest castes are unfortunate and the treatment of these people is saddening, to say the least. To make matters worse, the Indian people, even those mistreated, accept that this is the way their world works and that there are no exceptions to this.

The Fascinating History of Drone Warfare

The Fascinating History of Drone Warfare Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have allowed U.S. military forces to turn the tide in numerous overseas conflicts as well as in the fight against terrorism without risking military personnel. They have a storied past that dates back centuries. While the history of drones is fascinating, not everyone is a fan of these stealthy, unmanned aircraft. While drones are a big hit among hobbyists, providing a wonderful vantage point from which to capture breathtaking aerial video footage, some people are understandably worried about the invasion of privacy as the craft sail over private property. Not only that, as evolving technology becomes increasingly sophisticated, lethal, and accessible to the masses theres a rising concern that drones can and will be used against us by our enemies. Tesla’s Vision Inventor Nikola Telsa was the first to foresee the coming of militarized unmanned vehicles. In fact, they were just one of several predictions he made while speculating on potential uses for a remote control system he was developing. In the 1898 patent â€Å"Method of and Apparatus for Controlling Mechanism of Moving Vessels or Vehicles† (No. 613,809), Telsa described, with remarkable prescience, the wide range of possibilities for his new radio-control technology: The invention which I have described will prove useful in many ways. Vessels or vehicles of any suitable kind may be used, as life, despatch, or pilot boats or the like, or for carrying letters packages, provisions, instruments, objects†¦ but the greatest value of my invention will result from its effect upon warfare and armaments, for by reason of its certain and unlimited destructiveness it will tend to bring about and maintain permanent peace among nations. About three months after filing his patent, Tesla gave the world a glimpse of the possibilities of radio wave technology at the annual Electrical Exhibition held at Madison Square Garden. Before a stunned audience, Tesla demonstrated a control box that transmitted radio signals used to maneuver a toy boat through a pool of water. Outside of a handful of inventors whod already been experimenting with them, few people even knew about the existence of radio waves at the time.   The Miltary Enlists Unmanned Aircraft   Drones have been used in a variety of military capacities: early efforts at eye-in-the-sky reconnaissance, â€Å"aerial torpedoes† during World War II, and as armed aircraft in the war in Afghanistan. Even as far back as Teslas time, his contemporaries in the armed forces were beginning to see how remotely-controlled vehicles might be used to gain certain strategic advantages. For example, during the Spanish-American War of 1898, the U.S. military was able to deploy camera-equipped kites to take some of the first aerial surveillance photographs of enemy fortifications. (An even earlier example of military use of unmanned aircraft- albeit not radio-controlled- took place during an 1849 attack on Venice by Austrian forces using balloons packed with explosives.) Improving the Prototype: Directive Gyroscopes While the idea of unmanned craft showed definite promise for combat applications, it wasn’t until around World War I that military forces began to experiment with ways to further Tesla’s initial vision and attempt to integrate radio-controlled systems into various types of unmanned aircraft. One of the earliest efforts was the 1917 Hewitt-Sperry Automatic Airplane, a costly and elaborate collaboration between the U.S. Navy and inventors Elmer Sperry and Peter Hewitt to develop a radio-controlled airplane that could be used as a pilotless bomber or flying torpedo. Perfecting a gyroscope system that could automatically keep the aircraft stabilized became crucial. The auto-pilot system that Hewitt and Sperry eventually came up with featured a gyroscopic stabilizer, a directive gyroscope, a barometer for altitude control, radio-controlled wing and tail features, and a gearing device to measure the distance flown. Theoretically, these improvements would enable the aircraft to fly a pre-set course to a target where it would then either drop a bomb or simply crash, exploding its payload. The Automatic Airplane designs were encouraging enough that the Navy supplied seven Curtiss N-9 seaplanes to be outfitted with the technology and poured an additional $200,000 into research and development. Ultimately, after several failed launches and wrecked prototypes, the project was scrapped but not before completing one successful flying bomb launch that proved the concept was at least plausible. The Kettering Bug While the Navy teamed up with Hewitt and Sperry, the U.S. Army commissioned another inventor, General Motor’s head of research Charles Kettering, to work on a separate â€Å"aerial torpedo† project. They also tapped Sperry to develop the torpedo’s control and guidance system and even brought in Orville Wright as an aviation consultant. That collaboration resulted in the Kettering Bug, an auto-piloted biplane programmed to carry a bomb directly to a pre-determined target.   The Bug had a range of about 40 miles, flew at a top speed nearing 50 mph, and held a payload of 82 kilograms (180  pounds) of explosives. It was also equipped with a counter programmed to count the total number of engine revolutions necessary for the craft to reach its predetermined target (allowing for variables of wind speed and direction that were figured into the calculation when the counter was set). Once the requisite number of engine revolutions was reached, two things happened: a cam fell into place shutting down the engine and the wing bolts retracted, causing the wings to fall off. This sent the Bug into its final trajectory, where it detonated on impact.   In 1918, the Kettering Bug completed a successful test flight, prompting the Army to place a large order for their production. However, the Kettering Bug suffered a similar fate to the Navys Automatic Airplane and was never used in combat, partly due to concerns that the system might malfunction and detonate a payload prior to reaching its target in hostile territory. While both projects were scrapped for their initial purpose, in retrospect, the Automatic Airplane and Kettering Bug played significant roles in the development of modern-day cruise missiles. From Target Practice to Spy in the Sky The post-World War I period saw the British Royal Navy take the early lead in the development of radio-controlled unmanned aircraft. These British UAVs (target drones) were programmed to mimic the movements of enemy aircraft and were employed during anti-aircraft training for target practice. One drone often employed for this purpose- a radio-controlled version of the de Havilland Tiger Moth airplane known as the DH.82B Queen Bee- is thought to be the source from which the term â€Å"drone† hatched.   The initial headstart the British enjoyed was relatively short-lived. In 1919, Reginald Denny, a serviceman late of the British Royal Flying Corps, emigrated to the United States, where he opened a model plane shop. Dennys enterprise went on to become the Radioplane Company, the first large-scale producer of drones. After having demonstrated a number of prototypes to the U.S. Army, in 1940, Denny got a huge break, procuring a contract for the manufacture of Radioplane OQ-2 drones. By the end of World War II, the company had supplied the Army and Navy with 15,000 drone craft. A Hollywood Sidenote In addition to drones, the Radioplane Company had the distinction of launching the career of one of Hollywoods most legendary starlets. In 1945, Denny’s friend (film star and future President of the United States) Ronald Reagan sent military photographer David Conover to capture snapshots of factory workers assembling Radioplanes for the Army’s weekly magazine. One of the employees he photographed was a young woman named Norma Jean Baker. Baker later quit her assembly job and went on to model for Conover at other photoshoots. Eventually, after changing her name to Marilyn Monroe, her career really took off.   Combat Drones The World War II era also marked the introduction of drones in combat operations. In fact, the conflict between the Allied and Axis powers revitalized the development of aerial torpedoes, which could now be made to be more accurate and destructive. One particularly devastating weapon was Nazi Germany’s V-1 rocket, a.k.a, the Buzz Bomb. This flying bomb, the brainchild of brilliant German rocket engineer Wernher von Braun, was designed to hit urban targets and incur civilian casualties. It was guided by a gyroscopic autopilot system that helped carry a 2,000-pound warhead upward of 150 miles. As the first wartime cruise missile, the Buzz Bomb was responsible for killing 10,000 civilians and injuring around 28,000 more. After World War II, the U.S. military started repurposing target drones for reconnaissance missions. The first unmanned aircraft to undergo such a conversion was the Ryan Firebee I, which in 1951 demonstrated the ability to stay aloft for two hours while reaching an altitude of 60,000 feet. Converting the Ryan Firebee into a reconnaissance platform led to the development of the Model 147 FireFly and Lightning Bug series, both of which were used extensively during the Vietnam War. During the height of the Cold War, the U.S. military turned its focus toward stealthier spy aircraft, a notable example being the Mach 4 Lockheed D-21. Attack of the Armed Drone The notion of armed drones (as opposed to guided missiles) being used for battle purposes didnt really come into play until the 21st century. The most suitable candidate was the Predator RQ-1 manufactured by General Atomics. First tested and put into service in 1994 as a surveillance drone, the Predator RQ-1 was capable of traveling a distance of 400 nautical miles and could remain airborne for 14 hours straight. Its most significant advantage, however, was that it could be controlled from a distance of thousands of miles via satellite link. On October 7, 2001, armed with laser-guided Hellfire missiles, a Predator drone launched the first-ever combat strike by a remotely piloted aircraft in Kandahar, Afghanistan in an effort to neutralize suspected Taliban leader Mullah Mohammed Omar. While the mission failed to take out its intended target, the event marked the dawn of a new era of militarized drones. Since then, unmanned combat aerial vehicles (UCAVs) such as the Predator and General Atomics’ larger and more capable MQ-9 Reaper have completed thousands of missions, sometimes with unintentional consequences. While  2016 statistics released by President Obama revealed that 473 strikes had accounted for between 2,372 and 2,581 combatant deaths since 2009, according to a 2014 report in The Guardian, the civilian death toll resulting from drone strikes was, at the time, in the neighborhood of 6,000. Sources Ackermann, Spencer. 41 Men Targeted but 1,147 People Killed: US Drone Strikes- the facts on the Ground. The Guardian, November 24, 2014Shane, Scott. Drone Strike Statistics Answer Few Questions and Raise Many. The New York Times, July 3, 2016Evans, Nicholas D. â€Å"Military Gadgets: How Advanced Technology Is Transforming Todays Battlefield...and Tomorrows.† Prentiss Hall, 2003